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Fiscal and Budget council as actor in Public Policy
Pokorný, Jan ; Ochrana, František (advisor) ; Kotherová, Zuzana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of fiscal and budget councils. The aim of the work is the analysis of the Czech Fiscal Council, which was established in 2018 and is a new element in the Czech system of fiscal and budgetary policy. Firstly, basic concepts such as public finance, fiscal and budgetary policy are defined. Subsequently, the sources of inefficiency are introduced, which affect the emergence of fiscal imbalances, and thus public debt. The basic idea for the establishment of fiscal and budget councils is the concept of Fiscal Governance, which can be divided into rules excepting to the councils. Numerical rules are currently a frequently used tool for assessing fiscal discipline. These rules are complemented by councils, which act as independent institutions. Due to the recent emergence, the practical part of the work analyses the Czech Fiscal Council regarding the foreign experience of independent fiscal and budget councils. Based on the results, it can be stated, that the Czech Fiscal Council does not deviate from the existing experience, on the contrary, it fits appropriately into this portfolio.
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The political process of creation, adoption and implementation of the czech state budget and its deficit bias
Šubrtová, Kateřina ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Štěpánek, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis concerned with the budget of the Czech Republic, which has been deficient since 1996. The aim of this thesis is to detect weak spots of budget process and confirm the hypothesis that budget deficits have the institutional nature. The theoretical part examines in detail the concepts of the state budget and the budget deficit, explains the causes of the budget deficit and explores the possibilities of its elimination. The thesis also conducts a survey about the process of the budget propose, approval and performance with the highlighting of process weaknesses and possibilities of its solution. The main contribution of this thesis is a detailed analysis of selected state budgets. This analysis reveals the common features of selected budgets and tries to describe the major changes of them. At the end of the thesis a concept of fiscal council and the possibilities of its establishment in Czech Republic is introduced.
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